Spain permanent residence: step-by-step

What Is Spain Permanent Residence?

Permanent residence in Spain allows non-EU citizens to live, work, and study in Spain indefinitely without needing to renew their visa. Once you have permanent residence, you can stay in the country without restrictions. This is different from temporary residence visas, which require regular renewal.

Most people get permanent residence after holding a temporary visa for a certain number of years. The path depends on which type of temporary visa you originally held (work visa, student visa, family reunification, etc.).

Who Can Apply for Permanent Residence?

You can usually apply for permanent residence if you:

• Have held a valid temporary residence permit for a required number of consecutive years
• Have stable income to support yourself
• Have no serious criminal record
• Have adequate housing
• Have paid your taxes and social contributions on time
• Have not spent too much time outside Spain (usually no more than a few months per year)

EU and EEA citizens have different, simpler rules and don't typically need to apply through this process.

Step-by-Step Application Process

Step 1: Check Your Eligibility

Review how long you've been in Spain and what type of visa you hold. Different visa categories may have different waiting periods.

Step 2: Gather Required Documents

Typical documents include:

• Your current residence permit
• Proof of stable income (employment contract, bank statements, business documents)
• Housing proof (rental agreement or property deed)
• Tax declarations and social security records
• Criminal record certificate
• Proof of health insurance
• Completed application form

Step 3: Submit Your Application

Apply at your local National Police immigration office or through your regional authorities. Some regions allow online submission.

Step 4: Attend Your Interview

The immigration officer may ask questions about your employment, housing, ties to Spain, and future plans.

Step 5: Wait for a Decision

Processing times vary by region. You'll receive written notification of approval or denial.

What Documents You'll Need

Keep originals and copies of:

• Passport and residence permits
• Employment or income documents
• Housing arrangements
• Tax payment records
• Health insurance proof
• Any official documents issued outside Spain (translated and notarized)

Cost and Timeline

There are application fees, which vary by region. Processing can take several months. Plan ahead and submit early to avoid delays. Costs may include translation services and document certification.

Next Steps

Visit the official Spanish National Police website or your regional immigration office for current requirements and forms. Each region may have slightly different procedures.

This is general self-help information, not legal advice. Always verify current rules on the official government website.