United States permanent residence: step-by-step

What Is U.S. Permanent Residence?

Permanent residence—also called a "green card"—gives you the right to live, work, and study anywhere in the United States. You can stay as long as you want and travel in and out of the country. After a few years, you may be able to apply for U.S. citizenship.

Main Ways to Get a Green Card

There are several paths to permanent residence:

• Family sponsorship: A U.S. citizen or permanent resident relative sponsors you
• Employment: Your employer sponsors you for a job that requires your skills
• Diversity visa lottery: You win a random selection for people from countries with low immigration to the U.S.
• Refugee or asylee status: You've fled danger in your home country
• Special programs: Teachers, investors, victims of crime, and others may qualify through specific programs

Step-by-Step Process Overview

Step 1: Find Your Eligibility Path

Determine which category fits your situation. Different paths have different requirements, so this is crucial.

Step 2: Get a Sponsor or File Your Own Application

Most people need a U.S. sponsor (family member or employer). Some categories let you apply independently.

Step 3: File Your Application

Submit required forms, documents, and fees through the official U.S. immigration system.

Step 4: Get Your Background Check

The government will review your criminal history, health, and security background.

Step 5: Medical Examination

You must have a health check by an approved doctor to make sure you don't have certain diseases.

Step 6: Interview

You'll meet with an immigration officer who will ask about your application and verify your information.

Step 7: Decision

If approved, you'll receive your green card by mail.

What You'll Need to Prove

Generally, you'll need to show:

• Valid passport
• Birth certificate
• Police records
• Financial support documents (proof someone will support you)
• Medical examination results
• Identity and civil status documents

Important Things to Remember

Processing times vary widely depending on your category and current immigration demand. Family-based cases can take months or years. Employment cases vary. Don't guess—always check the official U.S. government immigration website for current timelines and requirements specific to your situation.

Keep all your documents organized and make copies. Respond quickly to any government requests or your case may be delayed or denied.

This is general self-help information, not legal advice. Always verify current rules on the official government website.